![]() ![]() Fiber optics employs the transmission of light down fibers of plastic or glass. In communications, it is used to transmit telephone, internet, and cable TV signals. Fiber Optics: Endoscopes to Telephonesįiber optics is one application of total internal reflection that is in wide use. However, at the very top edge of this photograph, rays from below strike the surface with incident angles less than the critical angle, allowing the camera to capture a view of activities on the pool deck above water. The undisturbed water surrounding it makes a good reflecting surface when viewed from below, thanks to total internal reflection. The circular ripple near the photograph’s center is actually on the water surface. The swimmer in the upper half of the photograph, apparently facing upward, is, in fact, a reflected image of the swimmer below. In the photo that opens this chapter, the image of a swimmer underwater is captured by a camera that is also underwater. For which ray is there no possibility of total internal reflection? (As the figure shows, the reflected rays obey the law of reflection so that the angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence in all three cases.)Īt the surface between air and water, light rays can go from air to water and from water to air. If the incident angle θ 1 θ 1 is greater than the critical angle, as shown in Figure 1.14(c), then all of the light is reflected back into medium 1, a condition called total internal reflection. That is, θ c θ c is the incident angle for which θ 2 = 90 ° θ 2 = 90 °. The critical angle θ c θ c for a combination of materials is defined to be the incident angle θ 1 θ 1 that produces an angle of refraction of 90 ° 90 °. The largest the angle of refraction θ 2 θ 2 can be is 90 ° 90 °, as shown in part (b). ) Now imagine what happens as the incident angle increases. (Since n 1 > n 2, n 1 > n 2, the angle of refraction is greater than the angle of incidence-that is, θ 2 > θ 1. If, as shown in the figure, the index of refraction for the second medium is less than for the first, the ray bends away from the perpendicular. Part of the light crosses the boundary and is refracted the rest is reflected. ![]() Interestingly, we can produce total reflection using an aspect of refraction.Ĭonsider what happens when a ray of light strikes the surface between two materials, as shown in Figure 1.14(a). But it would be useful to have a mirror that reflects all of the light that falls on it.
0 Comments
![]() ![]() When your design is finished, you can simply email yourself your logo! The app offers a blank canvas where users can add icons, shapes, badges, and fonts to create completely original designs.įor people who are seeking a more ready-made approach, the company does offer pre-made templates for a small price. Those looking for variety and creative freedom will enjoy DesignApp’s logo designer. – There’s no way to speak one-on-one with a designer to discuss your results. – You have to sign up to see your logo, which adds an extra step to the process (although registration is free). – Though their support team is quick to respond, they are only available online. – You can design an entire brand identity with the app’s features, like downloading your logo in high-res files, printing your logo on merchandise and swag, and branding the perfect business cards for your business. – Every design created with Logo Maker by Tailor Brands is unique to you there are no templates or predesigns used. ![]() – This is one of the easiest logo design apps to use, as you don’t need any design tools to create a stunning logo. We like to say it’s like having a personal graphic designer in your pocket, because our app also provides over 20 branding tools to help you build your brand from the ground up – including a business card design tool and automated social media manager. Our app uses the same AI as the Tailor Brands Logo Maker – it learns about your business and what your design preferences are, in order to create the optimal logo design for your brand. That’s right – we have our own app! The Tailor Brands logo app. So, we’ve reviewed some of our favorite logo maker apps to help make designing a logo on the go easier – and even fun! Plus, logo makers that were intended for desktop are often buggy and more difficult to use on your phone. If you do opt to use a “regular” logo maker from your phone, you may not be able to see an accurate representation of your logo as you’re designing, because you won’t be looking at it at scale). And, most apps provide the same features their web-based counterparts do for logos.Īlso, when you design your logo on mobile, you’ll already have an idea of what your logo will look like on other people’s mobile screens (because, let’s face it: Most of your potential customers will probably first come across your business on their phones). They’re fully mobile, hosting design tools that are optimized for a smaller screen without sacrificing the quality of the design. Unlike regular logo creators that are made with desktop use in mind, logo maker apps are designed to fit any small screen. ![]() ![]() It becomes the kind of thing you can make in a single session and stream. Such novel character creation pipeline tools aim to remove the friction that exists in the character creation pipeline, and not only accelerate the creation process, but also make it more accessible to a wider range of creators.”Īlready inspired by the creative possibilities this will open up, Bay envisions: “Making a sequence with a hairy tree monster wearing old rags and getting oil gooped all over him and catching on fire isn’t a huge project anymore. “Accessible tools like ZivaFaces, Ziva Face Trainer, and many others, take that lengthy creation time of weeks – if not months – per character head, to a button click in the cloud. “For Ziva, it will be a major simplification of the character creation pipeline,” specifies James. Part of Unity’s solution for streamlining this process is to move these pipelines to the cloud and democratize access to these tools, essentially pushing the boundaries of what’s possible creatively and enabling new ways of working. ![]() ![]() They can be done in this sort of networked way, in concert together.’” “It was always a little frustrating that are landlocked… When you move away from that studio you think, ‘oh, these fragmented pieces don't have to be done in separate ways. “I’m super excited about 3D art expanding beyond just simple assets and modest ambitions.”īay Raitt, the talented creator of Gollum’s facial animation system for the LOTR trilogy, and now a developer at Unity, provides direct insight into why this artist-first mentality is crucial for building out our professional artistry toolkit: This is a major priority moving forward, as Ziva Co-founder and Academy Award Winner James Jacobs notes: “We have worked really hard to make sure that creators have the best possible experience.”įor Unity, this means accelerating solutions to the hard problems that artists face and making iteration of content creation more approachable than ever. ![]() Over the past two years, Unity has been developing and refining its existing artistry tools to bring content authoring technologies together and remove those barriers from the creation process. Success with these tools, then, primarily requires the removal of the barriers caused by those fragmented datasets and disjointed creation systems. Not only do they require excessive manual work, they don’t always lend themselves well to effective collaboration. Many artists have told us that they find the tools and pipelines for digital content creation fragmented. ![]() ![]() ![]() The slide presentation stated that much of the world's electronic communications pass through the U.S., because electronic communications data tend to follow the least expensive route rather than the most physically direct route, and the bulk of the world's internet infrastructure is based in the United States. The speaker's notes in the briefing document reviewed by The Washington Post indicated that "98 percent of PRISM production is based on Yahoo, Google, and Microsoft". The documents identified several technology companies as participants in the PRISM program, including Microsoft in 2007, Yahoo! in 2008, Google in 2009, Facebook in 2009, Paltalk in 2009, YouTube in 2010, AOL in 2011, Skype in 2011 and Apple in 2012. The leaked documents included 41 PowerPoint slides, four of which were published in news articles. PRISM was publicly revealed when classified documents about the program were leaked to journalists of The Washington Post and The Guardian by Edward Snowden – at the time an NSA contractor – during a visit to Hong Kong. President Barack Obama, during a visit to Germany, stated that the NSA's data gathering practices constitute "a circumscribed, narrow system directed at us being able to protect our people." Media disclosure of PRISM įurther information: Global surveillance disclosure Additionally claiming the program has helped to prevent acts of terrorism, and that it receives independent oversight from the federal government's executive, judicial and legislative branches. government officials have disputed criticisms of PRISM in the Guardian and Washington Post articles and have defended the program, asserting that it cannot be used on domestic targets without a warrant. ĭocuments indicate that PRISM is "the number one source of raw intelligence used for NSA analytic reports", and it accounts for 91% of the NSA's internet traffic acquired under FISA section 702 authority." The leaked information came after the revelation that the FISA Court had been ordering a subsidiary of telecommunications company Verizon Communications to turn over logs tracking all of its customers' telephone calls to the NSA. Subsequent documents have demonstrated a financial arrangement between the NSA's Special Source Operations (SSO) division and PRISM partners in the millions of dollars. The disclosures were published by The Guardian and The Washington Post on June 6, 2013. Its existence was leaked six years later by NSA contractor Edward Snowden, who warned that the extent of mass data collection was far greater than the public knew and included what he characterized as "dangerous" and "criminal" activities. Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court (FISA Court, or FISC) pursuant to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA). The program is operated under the supervision of the U.S. PRISM began in 2007 in the wake of the passage of the Protect America Act under the Bush Administration. Among other things, the NSA can use these PRISM requests to target communications that were encrypted when they traveled across the internet backbone, to focus on stored data that telecommunication filtering systems discarded earlier, and to get data that is easier to handle. PRISM collects stored internet communications based on demands made to internet companies such as Google LLC and Apple under Section 702 of the FISA Amendments Act of 2008 to turn over any data that match court-approved search terms. The program is also known by the SIGAD US-984XN. PRISM is a code name for a program under which the United States National Security Agency (NSA) collects internet communications from various U.S. ![]() ![]() ![]() This is a test of prerequisite skills for precalculus. Math is not everyone’s favorite, understandably. For those hungry for more, you'll find links to similar IQ questions after each puzzle picture, encouraging you to embark on a journey of continuous improvement in both mathematical intelligence … Sep 1, 2021
![]() ![]() “People seemed to really like my designs, and a few people asked me how I created them, so I set up a YouTube channel to help show people my process,” Rhys explains. After studying for a bachelor’s degree in Creative Technology and Animation, he started working as a content creator for a training company, which soon transitioned into training apprentices in their Certificate III in Screen and Media.Įventually, he set up RSKT to create and sell his own artwork using Affinity Designer as his main tool. Rhys Thomas is an artist based on the Sunshine Coast in Queensland, Australia. Please turn on JavaScript to view this video How to illustrate using Affinity Designer I make tutorials on YouTube that help people get started with the programs, but we also have in-depth courses on our website .” 3. “I mostly teach Affinity Photo, but I also make tutorials for Affinity Designer and Publisher. ![]() I love seeing what other people are able to make after watching one of my tutorials,” Ally reveals. And even after all that practice, I still have to edit out all of my mistakes! But all that effort pays off when I get to share a video I’m proud of. Typically, I’ll practice a tutorial two or three times before filming it. Most people don’t know this, but a lot of preparation goes into each video I make. “I’ve always loved art and design, so it’s been fun teaching others how to use such creative programs. ![]() They started Affinity Revolution in 2016, and since then, have added over 200 tutorials to the channel. Please turn on JavaScript to view this video How to remove ANYTHING in Affinity PhotoĮzra and Ally Anderson both have degrees in education and love to teach using lots of practical examples that anyone can follow along with. ![]() ![]() Or if you use Apple Pay or w/e and don’t always take your wallet or purse with you. But I had to review this one bc I’m practically in love with it!!! Download this app RIGHT NOW if you have more then a few club cards or rewards cards or whatever they’re called. I’m not an app reviewer I think I may have reviewed 1-2. Please don't hesitate to contact us via if you have any questions, suggestions for improvements or general feedback! Best, your Stocard team Thank you so much for this amazing review! We are very excited that you enjoy using our app and that we could help to free your wallet from all those plastic cards. Although, they should pay me for such a glowing review. Oh and I do know work for Stocard and I didn't get paid to write this review, I just think the app is da shizzle. Download the app now!!! It's saved me time and money and I guarantee it can do the same for you. Finally, now more digging around for a rewards card!!! Just open the Stocard app on your phone when you need a specific rewards card and bingo-bango the cashier in the store scans the card that's displayed on your phone. Well, as Lee Corso would say, "Not so fast my friends!" Now there is Stocard, a extremely simple and easy to use App that stores all of those tiny annoying key / rewards cards! All you have to do is download and open the app, scan those horrible little key cards and abracadabra your rewards card is stored in the app. I know it's all marketing and they try to create loyalty to their stores but all of those dang little key cards are so annoying and get thrashed pretty quick. Honestly it kind of ticks me off because why don't they just give everyone the same price. It seems like every day another company is creating rewards programs, which they basically force you to sign up for because if you don't you are going to end up paying more if you don't get their card. ![]() ![]() ![]() Whether you’ve got a question about annuals versus perennials, full-sun perennials, shade perennials, or a million things about hydrangea care, these apps can help! Plus, they're a fun way to find and connect with other plant lovers or spend a rainy afternoon indoors with your hands in the virtual dirt! Here are a few helpful web-based and downloadable apps that will help your garden grow. Best for Xeriscape Gardens: The Water-Saving Garden: How to Grow a Gorgeous Garden with a Lot Less Water at. Move trees, buildings, fences, bushes, decks, and more to design your dream garden. This adorable app allows you to design your own garden landscape using draggable elements. This is useful for planning out your allotment or vegetable garden. Best for Perennial Flowers: The Well-Tended Perennial Garden at Amazon. The Garden Planner was created by developer David Doull of Artifact Interactive. Many of these programs will also include information. An already programmed planner/ app will help gardeners plan the garden choosing size, shapes, planting schemes, etc. Some gardening apps connect you to horticultural experts or a community of like-minded plant lovers, so you can share tips or get information on a specific problem. At VegPlotter we provide a innovative vegetable garden and allotment planning software. If you want a way to stay organized, keep track of, and make the best of your gardening life, using a free garden planner does help. These apps contain a wealth of information ranging from how to plan your garden layout to how to start seeds and everything in between. It is best to lay out the planting arrangement on graph paper or input it into one of many gardening computer programs. Some are web-based, so you don’t have to download anything-all you have to do is set up an account. That’s where these gardening apps come in handy! Many of our featured apps are free, while others have a minimal cost, ranging from a one-time purchase price to a recurring subscription fee. Our Garden Planner helps you design the best layout for your vegetable garden. ![]() The best way to choose your crop is simply to grow what you love to eat. This will guide you in your design and the style of your vegetable garden. Choose a site with full sun, good drainage and no standing water, even after the. Whether you’re an experienced green thumb or a total gardening newbie, it never hurts to have some backup because there’s always a new plant to learn about or some funky bug to identify. (Image credit: Getty Images) The first step in designing your vegetable garden ideas is to choose the vegetables that you want to grow. The most important factor in planning a vegetable garden is location. ![]() ![]() Also because it’s difficult for hair oils to go down the kinky hair, it starts to frizz. The protein keratin structure affects the shape of the hairs as well. When the follicle is symmetrical, the hair is straight and the strand is circular. When it’s asymmetrical, the strand is curved and oval-shaped. The hair growth angle and shape are determined by the follicle. With these tips in mind, you can create stunning styles with a curling iron for short hair and rock your look with confidence.There is a natural factor that makes your hair curly, it’s genetics. Keep in mind that using heat tools frequently can also damage your hair, so it's essential to use them sparingly and take good care of your hair's health. It's essential to choose a curling iron that's appropriate for your hair type and length to avoid causing damage and ensure optimal results. With the right technique and heat setting, you can achieve beautiful curls or waves that can transform your look. ![]() With the right curling iron, you can create beautiful curls and waves that will complement your short hair perfectly!Ī curling iron can be a great tool for styling short hair. A shorter cord length is ideal for short hair because it gives you more control over the curling iron and prevents tangling. If you have thick hair, you'll want to use higher heat settings, while fine hair will require lower heat settings.Ĭord length: Cord length is often overlooked when choosing a curling iron, but it's important to consider, especially for short hair. Look for a curling iron with adjustable heat settings, so you can customize the temperature to your hair type. Heat settings: Heat settings are essential when it comes to curling irons. Titanium is also a good option, but it can get extremely hot, so be careful not to burn your hair. Ceramic and tourmaline are ideal for short hair because they heat evenly and won't damage your locks. Material: Curling irons come in a variety of materials, including ceramic, titanium, and tourmaline. Keep in mind that the shorter your hair, the smaller the barrel size you'll want to use. A barrel size of ¾ inch or less will create tighter curls, while a barrel size of 1 inch or more will create looser waves. For short hair, a smaller barrel size is ideal. We'll guide you through the factors to consider when choosing a curling iron for short hair.īarrel size: When it comes to curling irons, barrel size matters. How to Choose Curling Iron for Short Hair? ![]() So let's dive in and discover the secrets to achieving the perfect curls for your short hair. Based on our observation, here are the 15 top rated curling iron for short hair. With the best curling iron for short hair and a few simple tips and tricks, you can transform your short hair into a stunning, voluminous masterpiece. With practice, you can become efficient in styling your short hair with a curling iron, making it a convenient tool for your everyday hair styling routine. They are generally easy to use and can help you achieve beautiful curls or waves in a short amount of time. However, as short hair can sometimes lack volume, using a specialized iron can help add some volume and texture to your hair.Ĭurling irons offer flexibility in styling options. Whether you want tight curls, loose waves, or even just a bit of body and volume, it can help you achieve the desired look. Curling irons allow you to create a variety of hairstyles and add texture to your short hair. ![]() It is a popular tool that many people are turning to. Check out our productĪchieve the desired look and stop fighting against your locks by investing in a curling iron for short hair. If you make a purchase through the links mentioned below, we may receive a commission. ![]() The products curated for this article are independently chosen by theĮditorial team. ![]() ![]() For each compound, find the grams of copper that combine with 1.00 g of chlorine by dividing the mass of copper by the mass of chlorine. Where all the numbers you plug in are positive.Compound A = 4.08 g Cu and 2.28 g Cl Compound B = 7.53 g Cu and 8.40 g Cl Apply the law of multiple proportions to the two compounds. Solving for #DeltaH_"lattice"# usually gives a positive answer, so we take the negative of the answer by convention to get: Take the step as being upwards to generate a complete cycle, for which #DeltaH_"cycle" = 0# (since #H_f = H_i# for a complete cycle). ![]() Put that together by adding all the given energies, and you'll have the following diagram: #"These cancel out completely upon adding, proving"# Then, the following reactions would be involved to transform each reactant for the formation of #bb("1 mol")# of #"NaCl"(s)# (the units therefore become #ulul"kJ"#!): #1/2"Cl"_2(g) stackrel(1/2xx"Bond-Breaking")overbrace(->) "Cl"(g) stackrel("1st Electron Affinity")overbrace(->) "Cl"^(-)(g)#įor simplicity in our Born-Haber cycle, let up use positive numbers and down use negative numbers. Our goal is to fill in the missing steps by transforming each element one step at a time (phases, charges, and chemical bonds): This is allowed since enthalpy is a state function, which does not depend on the path.Īs it turns out, the lattice energy is difficult to acquire in real life, so it is often indirectly obtained from calculations not unlike the ones we're doing. This would be what we call the Born-Haber thermodynamic cycle. ![]() These share the same product, so let's say we wanted to form the following cycle: ![]() Since forming the lattice stabilizes the components (we went from two gases to one solid, creating order), decreasing their overall energy. Note that there exists a negatively-signed lattice energy for the following reaction:
|
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |